The Chechen Wars Essay -- Islam in the North Caucasus 2014

From Western audiences, Chechnya—whether as an autonomous oblast, a sovereign state, or a war zone—has never received much consideration. Just one of dozens of ethnic groups within Russia who have declared since the end of the Soviet Union their right to self-rule and self-determination, the Chechens’ struggle for independence was drowned out in the cacophony of calls for independence during the 1990s. However, in a world so greatly affected by the events of September 11, 2001 and given the role of Chechen separatist groups in bombings of Russian apartment buildings in 1999 (which killed more than 300) and the hostage-taking of a Russian theater in 2002 (which resulted in the deaths of 130 Russians and 30 rebels), the rhetoric of Islamic fundamentalism and the terminology of terrorism has brought the Chechen people to the forefront of international concern (Trenin & Malashenko, 2004, p. 45). Yet the roots of the conflict in Chechnya, which have spurned two wa rs with the Russian Federation over the past two decades, are defined neither by terrorist activities or the Islamists who have recently come to typify the most virulent of the separatist rebels; rather, the origin is in the centuries long forging of a group that has faced common persecution from the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and the Russian Federation. Ethnicity compounded with a new emphasis on fundamentalist religious ideology has greatly complicated a struggle that has benefited the economic and political interests of groups as disparate as elected officials, crime bosses, business leaders, and international governments (Politkovskaya, 2003). War has wrought the economic and social collapse of Chechnya and simultaneously embarrassed a Russia giant whose parti... ...thcaucasus.pdf Jaimoukha, A. (2005) The Chechens: A Handbook. New York: Routledge. Meier, A. (2005). Chechnya: To the Heart of a Conflict. New York: W. E. Norton & Company. Nikolaev. Y. V., Ed. (2013). The Chechen Tragedy: Who is to Blame? Cormack, New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. (March 19, 2013) Oliker, O. (2001). Russia’s Chechen Wars: 1994-2000. Washington: RAND. Politkovskaya, A. (2003). A Small Corner of Hell: Dispatches from Chechnya. University of Chicago Press Tishkov, V. (2004). Chechnya: Life in a War Torn society. Berkeley, California: The University of California Press. Trenin, D. V. & Malashenko, A. V. (2004). Russia’s Restless Frontier: The Chechnya Factor in Post-Soviet Russia. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for Peace. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.1538-165X.2005.tb01379.x/abstract

Having Read Of Mice Men Essay

What have you learnt about the life of a ranch worker in 1930’s America? The book Of Mice and Men is set in California, at the time of the Great Depression. The American stock market had collapsed, and left the country in a state of economic disarray. This affected the two main characters George and Lennie who have to work on ranches because there was a need for people to work on the land and not much work elsewhere. Georges dream is to own a farm or a ranch of his own so he could be his own boss and wouldn’t have to be pushed round by other ranch owners who he works for now. This is the American dream George and Lennie aren’t alone in their dream. He says to Lennie, â€Å"We’re gonna have a little house and a couple of acres an’ a cow and some pigs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Because of this dream George resents authority, when he first meets Curley (the ranch owners son) he spoke to him in an ‘insulting manner’ and refuses to give Curley a straight answer. The life of the ranchers is very hard, they works every day except Sunday and only gets fifty dollars a month. All week the farm workers would toil the land for the ranch owners and would be paid a tiny percentage of the profit. They were very lonely people, with only their colleagues at the ranch and the women at the local ‘cat house’ for company, no wife, children and no family. George recognizes this and I think this is why he travels with Lennie, George says, this makes them different from all the ranch workers who travel around on their own. George says to Lennie that â€Å"Guys like us who work on ranches are the loneliest guys in the world.† George thinks that when he fulfils his dream he wont be lonely any more, he maybe would ‘get a girl’ and he would be his own boss. George also dreams of a better place for Lennie who is mentally about 6 years old. George takes it on himself to look after Lennie and rescue him when he gets in trouble, which is very often. When Lennie had just ‘accidentally’ killed Curley’s wife whilst stroking her hair to hard in the barn, George decides he has to shoot Lennie. Just before he does he tells Lennie: â€Å"Ever’bodys gonna be nice to you. Ain’t gonna be no more trouble. Nobody gonna hurt anybody nor steal from ’em.† This is Georges dream for Lennie, that he would be better cared for and nobody would be horrible to him and he wouldn’t get into any more trouble. That people would take time to understand him like he did. George’s dream reflects the time the book is set at, because if that were now Lennie would be better cared for by social services and other organizations like that. Also George and the other ranch workers would have had better rights on the ranch, they would have either had less hours work or more pay for the work they did. George might have been able to get his dream for a ‘few acres’ and a ‘girl’ pigs, cows and rabbits. 1 Candy’s dream is to have security. Security in his job, that he wont be ‘canned’ because he’s getting too old, or because he’s useless, because he’s only got one hand, this normally wouldn’t affect someone now but in the time the book was set Candy’s chance of getting a job if he was sacked from the ranch would be minute. Because of this insecurity Candy is very scared of Curley and the boss. In the book when Candy first meets George he speaks nicely about the boss and said that at Christmas he gave them whisky. I think he lied to George about the boss in case George told the boss what he had said which would have been true but nasty. When the boss comes into the room Candy quickly makes up and excuse why he’s talking to George and Lennie and gets back to work. He did this because he doesn’t want to get in any trouble with the boss because the boss might sack him. Then Candy will have no job and will be too old to get another one and he cant retire and he doesn’t have any family to go to he’ll probably have to live on the streets. When Candy overhears about George’s dream Candy wants to go along and be involved to. Candy offers three hundred and fifty dollars to help George get his dream farm and so that Candy can leave the farm and look after himself, his attitude towards Curley, the ranch and Curley’s wife changes after this. When Curley is starting on Lennie, Candy quickly rushes to his defence’ â€Å"Glove fulla Vaseline,† he said disgustedly’ referring to the glove Curley wears on his hand full of Vaseline, to keep ‘soft’ for his wife. Candy is not scared of Curley and the boss anymore because if he gets sacked he can just move on to George’s dream farm. With Candy’s newfound confidence he starts sharing his views and sticking up for other people such as Crooks the black stable buck. Curley’s wife is verbally attacking Crooks, telling him how she can get him killed if she wanted too. Candy retaliates by saying, â€Å"If you was to do that, we’d tell†¦ We’d tell about you framing Crooks.† He sticks up for Crooks, which shows he wasn’t racist and that he also had a dream for a better society. Where is you have worked and are getting old you would have money, a pension, and that everyone is treated equally like him and Crooks. This shows that the book reflects the time its set because Candy would probably have a pension and wouldn’t have been able to get sacked without out a just cause. Crooks dream is to be treated like a human and be accepted. Because he’s black he’s always been bullied and picked on by the other people in the ranch. He is never allowed to go out with the other people in the ranch and has to stay in his own room in the barn, he hates everyone at the ranch because they treat him badly, he says to Lennie, â€Å"They play cards in there, but I can’t play because I’m black. They say I stink. Well, I tell you, you all stink to me.† Because Crooks is so lonely he reads a lot, in his library he owns the book California Civil code 1905. I think he has this because he wants to find out the rights he has and if there is anything he can do to be accepted. While talking to Lennie, Crooks reminisces about his childhood; how his father owned a chicken ranch and the white children used to come and he would play with them, and how most of them didn’t care about the colour of his skin and that they were nice to him. How instead of sleeping alone as he does now (he recalls), he used to sleep with his two brothers: â€Å"They was always near me, always there. Used to sleep right in the same room, right in the same bed-all three.† He was happy in the past and dignified, because he wasn’t alone then and had been treated equally. 2 Curley’s dream is to become a champion boxer. He was in a boxing tournament and he got into the finals, he keeps the newspaper clippings. He hates big men because he’s short, he wants to be tall and big, I think he wants this because he wants people to be more scared of him. He’s always picking on the workers because they can’t fight back because they’ll get sacked. He seems to be obsessed by beating people up and ‘sorting them’ out. Curley’s wife tells George, Lennie and Candy what he says. â€Å"†One-Two,† he says. â€Å"Jus’ the ol’ one-two an’ he’ll go down.† In the whole novel we never hear Curley’s wife’s name, she is always referred to as ‘Curley’s wife’. This makes her sound like Curley’s property, like Curley’s shoes or Curley’s horse. It also says that maybe she doesn’t deserve one, that when she married Curley she got a name. This reflects on her dream of equal rights for women. She is a very lonely person; she has no one to talk to except the men on the ranch who don’t really listen to her. So to make them listen to her, or pretend to in most cases, she dresses provocatively to get attention. However Candy and Whit see her as a ‘tart’ and ‘jail-bait’ and she’s always giving the ‘eye’. Even Curly doesn’t notice her; he still goes out to the ‘cat houses’ with the other ranch workers, instead of staying with his wife. She seems to be hurt by this, she says. â€Å"Think I don’t know where they all went? Even Curley. I know where they all went.† Curley’s wife’s dream is to be a star. When she was young, she was asked to go on a show, but she says her mother wouldn’t let her. Film work was one of the few types of work you could get as a woman, it was every girls dream, but it was often only a scam to take advantage of young women. Curley’s wife remembers how a man in the ‘pitchers’ said he was going to write to her about being in the movies. But she says her mother stole the letter when it came, when really it didn’t come at all. When Lennie killed her Steinbeck says. â€Å"The meanness and†¦.. the ache for attention were all gone from her face.† This means that she didn’t have to try anymore and life wasn’t just one long struggle for recognition. She had been released and was now more beautiful and alive than ever. Maybe it also means that she would get the attention now, she would be known as the woman who got killed by a mad man. Steinbeck draws attention to the idea that there is more to the American dream than just having a place of your own. The characters have dreams of an equal society. George describes to Lennie, â€Å"The place no-one’s gonna hurt you.† This reminds me of heaven where people would understand, listen and accept other people’s right to a dignified and free life. Although we have more of a life like this now, that is very different from the inequality of the time of ‘Mice and Men’, we still have a long way to go to achieve Steinbeck’s dream.

Finals Week Care Package

Theres no doubt that cookie-filled care packages raise the spirits of homesick college students, but when exam time rolls around, stressed-out kids need healthier fare. As the parent of a young adult, you know they may be skipping meals or eating more than their share of pizza and guzzling caffeine when what they need is protein, complex carbohydrates and plenty of fruits and vegetables. Instead of shipping cookies, which send blood sugar soaring and then crashing back to earth, try filling that care package with a few of these instead. Healthy Care Packages Fresh organic fruit, such as apples and tangerines, from your garden, favorite market or a fruit delivery service like the Fruit Guys—theyre a San Francisco-based organic fruit delivery company, known for their workplace fruit deliveries. The DormSnack package includes 16 servings of organic fruit, delivered to any dorm ($49 and up).Spicy chipotle-glazed pecans or other energizing nut snacks.Beef jerky or hard salami.Tasty and satisfying whole-grain crackers, or peanut butter-filled crackers.A small jar of natural crunchy peanut butter and a box of graham crackers.Dried fruit such as apricots, cherries, apples, and more. Also, organic fruit snacks are easy to carry around and eat in a pinch.Instant hot cocoa mix, instant hot soup, instant oatmeal—anything healthy that can be made in a microwave is a good idea.A can of bean dip and a bag of chips.Microwave popcorn or popcorn kernels and plain brown lunch bags, which is cheaper and healthier and without the nasty chemical s or oozing fat: Drop a 1/4 cup of popcorn kernels in a paper bag, fold over the top a couple of times and microwave it for a minute and a half to two minutes.A Starbucks gift card.Biscotti, which offer sweet crunch without a lot of sugar.A mini-loaf of homemade chocolate chip pumpkin bread.Sugar-free throat lozenges, Vitamin C lozenges or Emergen-C packets, along with ibuprofen for sore necks from hunching over a laptop for hours at a time.A DIY set of adorable exam worry dolls that will do the worrying instead.An assortment of teas to calm and relax at the end of a stressful day of studying—chamomile, peppermint, and honey ginger are just a few of the more relaxing teas.A lavender-scented body lotion for the girls is one of the most relaxing scents and is often used during massages. A lavender-scented pillow is a great way to help students who are stressed and have a hard time sleeping—a few deep breaths and theyll be off to dreamland in no time.

Lungs of the Earth are Being Destroyed

Lungs of the Earth are Being Destroyed No matter where you live, in a city or a village, the destruction of forests will affect your life in a great manner. Minerals, energy and lumber were the main recourses of a great value that rainforests have been providing the humankind with. If the process of destroying rainforests won’t stop in the nearest future, it may lead to destroying of these valuable materials, which are extremely necessary for people. Rainforests are also a huge source of rubber, nuts and oil. It is well-known that one of the most important export products for Brazil are nuts and for the South Americans coffee has become one of the main financial sources. When people learned how to use rubber for their own benefits, there appeared a huge demand for it and the Amazon became one of the biggest rubber providers in the whole world. Even nowadays the Amazon is still the biggest provider of rubber. The problem is that forest destroying decreases greatly the rubber amount supplied by South America. Besides, it is important to mention that the plants found is the rain forests can be of a great value for many people in the world. For example, the Kayapo (people who live in the Amazon) have huge dependence upon the Amazon plants. A team of scientists decided to make a research on the area where Kayapo people live and they have found 1200 plants there, 98% of which the Kayapo people use in their everyday life. There’s also a great number of plant species that scientist haven’t researched yet. But it is already well-known that a huge number of these species could become real helpers in AIDS and cancer treatment. A great number of plants have been already used in medical area. If the forests are destructed, it will be impossible to give any predictions concerning what would happen then, especially what climate effect we will face, as it is well-known that rainforests provide us with fresh air. The majority of trees in the rainforests remove carbon dioxide of large amount from the air we breathe in. They store it in their leaves and roots. Although it is impossible to predict what is going to happen when all rainforests are gone, now it is possible to say that nothing good will ever happen in this case.

Origin Development of Sociology as a Separate Science

Origin Development of Sociology as a Separate Science Sociology is one of the oldest of the sciences. Since the dawn of civilization, society has been as a subject for speculation and inquiry along with other phenomena which have agitated the restless and inquisitive mind of man. Even centuries ago men were thinking about society and it should be organized and held views on man and his destiny, the rise and fall of the peoples and civilizations. Though they were thinking in sociological terms they were called philosophers, historians, thinkers, law-givers or seers. Though sociology came to be established as a separate discipline in the 19th –century due to the efforts of the French Philosopher Auguste Comte. It is wrong to suppose that†¦show more content†¦He maintained that the parts of society are not arranged unsystematically. Herbert Spencer’s another contribution is his famous â€Å"Organic Analogy† in which society is compared with the human organism. Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) Prof. Durkheim, the French thinker, like Spencer, considered societies as such to be important units of sociological analysis. He stressed the importance of studying different types of society comparatively. â€Å"Comparative sociology is not a particular branch of sociology, it is sociology itself† he maintained. In Durkheim’s theory ultimate social reality is the group, not the individual social life has to be analyzed in terms of social facts. According to him, social facts are nothing but collective ways of thinking, feeling and acting which though coming from the individual â€Å"constraint† or pressure on him. His major works are- the division of labor in society, the rules of sociological method, Suicide, The elementary forms of the republic life and so on. Max Weber (1864-1920) Max Weber’s approach is almost contrary to that of Durkheim. For Weber, the individual is a unit of society. 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Role of Men and Women Free Essays

The role of men and women There’s a big difference about the role of men and women between nowadays, in the past and in the future. It depends on a lot of cultural, continental, rich and poor, technology, development of science, health service, education †¦ There are out of aspects to explain deeply this problem. It will be easier if we look at around things. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Men and Women or any similar topic only for you Order Now Clearly The role of men and women‘s a big social’s problem and the family is the social factor so let have look at family. In the past manual labour‘s the main. We have to admit that men they have superior health than women so they was easy to get a high situation in family because they are main income, women spend all their life just stay at home to born children and look after them, do housework,†¦. They didn’t have any opportunity to study, contribute to society and require their interest†¦ but nowadays everything changed. The science reached new success. Family planning’s popular and It’ too easy about having more child or not. Technology developed, house work doesn’t take too much time. The education developed there are a lot of good school to take children, parent receive support from government to educate their kids so Women have great opportunity to go out for working and they spend more time for academic, they can contribute for society, they have more time to relax, enjoy their life, position of women in society has been confirmed. They can join to political and a lot of field which previously only men to participate. All the people in the world are born equal, enjoy the right to happiness and freedom. The human are building a new society, developed society, equal society where men and women both of them can contribute to making life more beautiful. How to cite Role of Men and Women, Papers

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Question: Write an essay on Pharmacology? Answer: Albuterol brings relief to the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) condition of the patient. Furosemide works for fluid retention. Glipizide takes care of Diabetes in the patient. Indomethacin is used for treating tenderness, stiffness and swelling due to chronic gout arthritis. Ipratropium is used to relief bronchial spasms as the patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Prazosin treats hypertension. Theo-dur is also used for pulmonary problems. Triamcinolone takes care of arthritis that the patient has (Brenner and Stevens, 2013). Together, all the drugs have to be used for treating the patient due to the different aliments that she has.Other antidiabetic drugs that can be used are Metformin and Sitagliptin given together. There are, in particular, three contraindications of Metformin usage. They are renal impairment and high serum creatinine levels that is more than 124 mmol/l in women, congestive heart failure and old age that is more than 80 years. Contraindications for Sitagliptin include impaired kidney (Howland et al., 2006). The creatinine level is more or less normal for the patient. She is not more than 80 years and does not have congestive heart failure. It may be said that usage of Metformin and Sitagliptin are not contraindicated for the patient. Patient variables are important while assessing drug therapies of patients. The patient variables that are important for assessing the drug intervention for her are age, weight, height, gender. The aspects of core drug knowledge that are need consideration as they may interfere with the patient variables are side effects of drugs and contraindications of drugs. The first finding from the nursing assessment that demonstrates drug therapys effectiveness is blood pressure at 112/72. The reference range for normal blood pressure is 120/80-140/90. The patient had been suffering from hypertension and the drug took care of it. The reference range of electrolytes sodium, potassium and chloride are 135-145 mEq/L, 3.5-5.0 mEq/L and 95-105 mEq/L respectively (Musom.marshall.edu, 2015). In the patient they were found to be 137 mEq/L, 3.8 mEq/L and 95 mEq/L respectively. It confers that fluid retention is been carried out an effect of the drug. The findings from the nursing assessment that demonstrate adverse effect from drug therapy are high cholesterol level at 315 mg/dL and borderline high triglyceride at 218 mg/dL. The reference ranges of these are 90 mg/dL and 150mg/dL respectively. Several measures need to be taken for maximising the therapeutic therapy. The patient must reduce her weight and start doing physical exercise in order to treat Diabetes along with the medication. She must also quit smoking for taking care of pulmonary diseases. Adverse effects of can be minimised by following proper guidelines for contraindications. Teaching is very much required for the patient about her drug therapy. This is because the teaching will make her knowledgeable about the drugs she is taking. Educating her will reduce the chances of her readmission. The severity of the allied complications of drug intake can be lessened if the patient has prior knowledge of the contraindications and adverse effects of drug therapy. The patients background information is needed for determining appropriate teaching (Stenfors-Hayes et al., 2015). References: Brenner, G. and Stevens, C. (2013).Pharmacology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. Howland, R., Mycek, M., Harvey, R., Champe, P. and Mycek, M. (2006).Pharmacology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Musom.marshall.edu, (2015).Normal Lab Values. [online] Available at: https://musom.marshall.edu/usmle/USMLELabValues.htm [Accessed 25 Aug. 2015]. Stenfors-Hayes, T., Berg, M., Scott, I. and Bates, J. (2015). Common concepts in separate domains? Family physicians ways of understanding teaching patients and trainees, a qualitative study.BMC Medical Education, 15(1).